tradiciuli qarTuli meTodiT qvevrSi damzadebuli naturaluri Rvino.
1. mizezi
eqvsi aTas welze metia, rac Rvinis warmoeba da moxmareba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs kacobriobaSi. dResdReobiT, Rvino Zalzed popularul produqts warmoadgens, is mTels msoflioSi xSiri moxmarebis sasmelia da bazarze miCneulia wamyvan produqciad. 2004 wlamde msoflios masStabiT Rvinis moxmareba mkveTrad gaizarda – 0,7%-iT, wliurad 236, 96 heqtolitris moxmarebamde da warmoadgina mzardi bazari. GgansakuTrebiT, CineTma gamoiCina lideroba zrdis am procesSi, gazarda ra sakuTari Rvinis moxmareba 14,7%-iT, 13,28 milioni heqtolitris moxmarebamde, maSin roca ruseTma da rumineTma TiToeulma aCvenes 16,9% da 14,9%-iani zrda. avstraliam da axalma zelandiam aCvenes 43,2 da 77 milioni heqtolitris moxmareba. am dros marto evropam moixmara msoflio Rvinis 53,37%.
miuxedavad zrdis aseTi maCveneblisa 2004 wlidan dRemde naTlad Cans, rom Rvinis moxmareba dResac TiTqmis ucvleli rCeba. vazisa da Rvinis saerTaSoriso organizaciam (OIV) aRniSna, rom 2007 wels warmoebul iqna Rvinis daaxloebiT 266, 7 milioni heqtolitri, rac 6,9%-iT naklebi iyo gasuli wlis maCvenebelze, roca am dros moxmareba TiTqmis ucvleli rCeboda – (240, 6 milioni heqtolitri 2007 wels). amave wels daaxloebiT 7,899 milioni heqtari miwa gadaeca meRvineobis seqtors, rac gasul welTan SedarebiT sakmaod Semcirebuli maCvenebelia, radgan jer kidev maSin 7, 908 milion milions Seadgenda. produqciis mkveTri Semcireba moxda evropaSi; evropis komisias surda, Rvinis politikaSi mZafri cvlilebebi Seetana, naRdi fuliT waeqzebinaT meRvineebi, romlebic amoyridnen sakuTar vazs – raTa sabolood daeSroT da gaeqroT evrokavSiris Warbi ,,Rvinis tbebi”.
Rvinis masiuri warmoeba savsebiT SesaZlebeli iyo, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi sasmelebis sabazro industriam da meRvineobis sxvadasxva procesma sagrZnoblad waaxalisa iseTi praqtikis danergva da ganviTareba, rogoricaa safuaris gamoyeneba Rvinis duRilis standartizebisaTvis. Rvinis am gziT damzadebiT dRes saxeze gvaqvs erTmaneTs damsgavsebuli, standartuli da erTgvarovani aromatisa mqone Rvino, romelic moklebulia yovelgvar individualurobas, xarisxsa da Tvisebebs.
tendenciis Secvla
msoflios masStabiT arsebuli organuli saxiT warmoebul sakvebs erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi roli ukavia kvebis sferoSi garkveuli maCvenebliT maRali xarisxisa da fasis mqone sakvebis marketingis ganviTerebas. magaliTad, rogoricaa Prosciuto di Parma, Jamon Serrano, zeiTunis zeTi saberZneTidan, an germanuli warmoSobis satacuri, da sxva. Rvinis industriaSic arsebobs uaRresad didi interesi am produqciis warmoebisadmi, im produqtebiT, romlebsac gaaCniaT unikaluri maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi maTi warmomavlobis adgilidan. ukve ramodenime welia, rac mzardi interesi SeimCneva meurneobasa da Sesabamisad, sakvebis warmoebis industriaSi, raTa iwarmoos eqskluziuri produqcia, gansxvavebuli niSnebiT. gansakuTrebiT mevenaxeebi da meRvineebi eZeben unikalur Tvisebebs, raTa advilad ganasxvavon TavianTi produqtebi da miaRwion umaRles xarisxs. maRali fasebis miRweva Rvinis bazarze aucilebelia, amisTvis ki saWiroa, aRiniSnos Rvinis warmoebisa da moSenebis mxare; mosavlis aRebis weli; venaxis adgil-mdebareoba da damuSavebis meTodi (mag. “bariki”); naklebi raodenobis sasuqis gamoyeneba; uwyveti produqcia; da a.S. dResdReobiT meRvineobaSi tradiciuli meTodebisadmi, Sesabamisi oenologiuri wesebis gamoyenebisa da Rvinis damzadebaisadmi udides interess amJRavneben. aqedan gamomdinare, uZvelesi tradiciebis dabruneba TanamedroveobaSi gvTavazobs ganaxlebul da amoucnob perspeqtivebs.
tradiciuli Rvinis damzadebis qarTuli wesi warmoadgens Rvinis damzadebis winaparTa originalur da utyuar meTods. uZvelesi arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT dasturdeba yurZnis moSenebisa da Tixis WurWelSi yurZnis duRili, rac Cvens w.aR-mde 5000 wliT TariRdeba. Ees ki aRmoCenil iqna samxreT kavkasiaSi, adgilze, romelzec dRes saqarTvelo mdebareobs. es procedura am teritoriidan SemdgomSi gavrcelda mesopotamiaSi, egvipteSi, saberZneTsa da msoflios sxva danarCen mxareebSi. saukuneebis manZilze is ufro da ufro ixveweboda mravali gamocdilebis SeZenis safuZvelze.
rogorc amboben Rvinis saxelwodebac qarTuli versiidan warmoiSva “Rvino”- “vino”, “vin”, “vine”, “wine”, “wein”, da a.S.
qarTuli meTodi
qarTuli tradiciiT Rvino iwarmoeba spontanuri duRilis meTodiT, rac rogorc ukve avRniSneT, xdeba Tixis WurWelSi – “qvevrSi,” yurZnis adgilobrivi floris meSveobiT neli, samagierod bunebrivi gziT, yvelanairi gogirdisa Tu safuaris danamatebis gareSe. qvevrebi duRilis dros rCeba daluquli, es procedura SesaZlebelia ramdenime Tvesac gagrZeldes.
yurZnis jiSTa sxvadasxvaobis Sesabamisad, yurZnis florisa da duRulis procesis arazedmiwevniTma kontrolma SesaZlebelia duRilis Semdeg progresirebis arasasurveli sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvios. magaliTad, rogoricaa surnelebis nakleboba. swored amitom aris saWiro am teqnologiis gamoyenebis dros Sesabamisi codna, raTa Rvinos mivaniWoT umaRlesi, daxvewili xarisxi. qarTuli meTodiT Rvinis damzadeba jer kidev myaradaa SemorCenili qarTvel glexebSi, saqarTvelos farglebs gareT ki, meRvineebis mxolod mwirma jgufma esesaa wamoiwyo am meTodis amocnoba da SeTviseba. Sesabamisad, am patara meRvineebis jgufs, vinc aqtiurad iyenebs qvevrs Rvinis dasayeneblad ukve Tavisuflad SeuZliaT sakuTari xarisxiani Rvinis warmodgena bazarze, imis CvenebiT, Tu ra aris mainc maRal-xarisxiani Rvino, araerTxel damtkicebuli da warmodgenili Rvinis eqspertebis, somelierebis, sxvadasxva Jurnalebisa Tu Rvinis megzurebis mier.
qvevri gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs Rvinis damzadebis amgvar procesSi. am giganti WurWlis, miTumetes sxvadasxva formiT damzadeba, sakmaod rTuli xelobaa. qarTuli Tixis WurWeli didi xnisaa da Sesabamisad, dasabams aZlevs saukeTeso Tixis nakeTobaTa Seqmnas _ aseTia arqeologebis azri. Tumca, aqve unda avRniSnoT, rom qvevris damzadebis es unikaluri xeloba saqarTveloSi gauCinarebis piras aris misuli. saqarTvelos SemorCa daaxloebiT xuTi WeSmariti meqvevre visac Seswevs Zala, daamzados xarisxiani, tradiciuli qvevri. samwuxarod maT ar hyavT gamgrZeleblebi, vinc SeZlebs realurad da nayofierad am uZvelesi xelobis dacvasa da ganviTarebas.
miuxedavad imisa rom, qarTuli meTodi uZvelesia msoflioSi is, SeiZleba iTqvas, erTgvar safrTxeSia; rogorc ukve avRniSneT gauCinarebis piras mdgars, ar hyavs gamgrZeleblebi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom qvevris damzadebis meTodebi ar aris gavrcelebuli evropis aRmosavleT nawilSi. qarTuli meTodi naklebadaa cnobili dasavleTisTvis, Tumca saqarTveloSic seriozuli deficitia im axalgazrdebisa vinc Seiswavlis da daicavs am tradicias.
es iniciativa, romelic sakuTar Tavze aviReT, Tavs uyris mecnierebsa da meRvineebs sxvadasxva qveynidan, imaT visac namdvilad Sestkiva guli am unikaluri tradiciis dakargvaze da zrunavs mis SenarCunebaze. Cveni mizania, SeviswavloT, sworad ganvmartoT, davaxasiaToT da xeli SevuwyoT qarTuli meRvineobis meTodis ganviTarebas. agreTve, vaswavloT da gavacnobierebinoT qarTvel glexebs sakuTari SesaniSnavi memkvidreobis mofrTxilebisa da dacvis fasi.
2. mizani
qarTul meTodSi xarisxiani qvevrebis damzadebisa da warmatebuli spontanuri Rvinis duRilis miRweva saWirobs gansakuTrebul codnasa da gamocdilebas; amgvarad, Cven miznad visaxavT gamovikvlioT, davicvaT, ganvaviTaroT da bazarze gavitanoT qvevris Rvino, romelic damzadebuli iqneba am Zveli qarTuli meTodiT. am tradiciis danergvisas ki, Cven miviswrafiT xeli SevuwyoT da davexmaroT am saukunovani meRvineobis tradiciebs, agreTve davicvaT da ganvaviTaroT qvevris Zerwvis xelovneba da uzrunvelvyoT daaxloebiT 7000 wliani tradiciis maradiuloba, amis misaRwevad ki jgufis sxvadasxva sferoSi moRvawe wevrma gadawyvita gaerTianeba da urTierTTanamSromloba.
jgufSi moRvawe eTnologebi Cabmulni arian aqtiurad qvevris Rvinis kulturisa da istoriis kvlevaSi; mecnierebi mihyvebian am konkretul meTodSi arsebul qimiur, mikrobiologiur, molekulur-biologiur da oenologiur kvlevebs, Semdgom ki gegmaven SemuSavebuli Teoriis praqtikulad ganxorcielebas da damowmebas. meRvineebi erTmaneTSi cvlian sakuTar codnasa da gamocdilebebs SeZenils maRali xarisxis qvevris Rvinis warmoebaSi. es yovelive ki saWiroa umaRlesi sabazro potencialiTa da maRali mogebis SesaZleblobebis mqone eqskluziuri produqtebis misaRebad; eqspertebi ki Tavis mxriv ganaviTareben da reklamas gauweven msoflio masStabiT qvevris Rvinos, rogorc eqskluziuri, umaRlesi xarisxis mqones.
3. amocanebi
- originaluri qarTuli meRvineobis meTodis, misi kulturisa da istoriis Seswavla
- meRvineebsa da mecnierebs Soris urTierTanamSromlobis safuZvelze qvevris Rvinis warmoebis optimizireba
- qarTveli axalgazrdebis swavleba sakuTari tradiciuli qvevris Zerwvis xelobis dasacavad da warmoebaSi gamosayeneblad
- am meTodTan arsebuli sxvadasxva SesaZleblobis aRmoCena klimaturi pirobebis sxvadasxvaobis gaTvaliswinebiT sxva qveynebSi, gansxvavebuli yurZnis jiSTa gamoyenebiT Rvinis damzadeba
- msoflios masStabiT qvevris Rvinis, rogorc tradiciuli da unikaluri proeqtis, reklamireba
danarTi- samecniero kvleviTi sakiTxebi
I. yurZnis jiSTa sxvadasxvaobani da zrdis xerxebi
- qvevrSi duRilisTvis Sesaferisi yurZnis sxvadasxvaobis identifikacia da SerCeva
- niadagis Semadgenlobisa da vazis fesvebis ganviTarebis analizi
- yurZnis moSenebis sxvadasxva xerxis gamoyenebiT yurZnisa da Sesabamisad am yurZnisgan miRebuli Rvinis daxasiaTeba
II. mikrobiologia da adgilobrivi flora
- Rvinis damzadebis procesis analizi, maSin roca duRilis procesSi gamoiyeneba gareuli da kulturuli safuari
- marnis mikrofloraSi arsebuli sxvadasxvaobisa da yurZnis mikrofloris dadgena
- im parametrebis dadgena-identifikacia, romlebic zegavlenas axdenen Rvinis xarisxze, gansakuTrebiT qvevris meTodis gamoyenebiT
- yurZnis kanTa kontaqtis dros warmoqmnili urTierTobis, aromatis kompleqsurobis, Rvinis ferisa da taninebis dadgena
- qvevrSi Rvinis dayenebis temperaturis dadgena da amis gavlena Rvinis xarisxze
III. oqsidaciis procesebi duRilis dros
- qvevris ZerwvisaTvis gamoyenebuli masalis dadgena da damtkiceba
- qvevris meTodiT Rvinis dayenebis sruli procesis analizi da damtkiceba bioqimiuri, molekuluri, biologiuri, qimiuri da arometis analizis gamoyenebiT
- sanTlis zegavlenis identifikacia, gamoyenebuli masalisa da gare niadagis kvleva
- qvevris mikrooqsidaciis moculobisa da qvevrSi haeris SeRwevadobis dadgena
IV. saqarTvelos istoria, kultura da sazogadoeba
- qvevris Rvinisadmi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqceva, qarTuli meRvineobis istoria
- Rvinis warmoebisa da moxmarebis TvalsazrisiT qarTuli eTnikuri Taviseburebani
- Tixis WurWelSi Rvinis damzadebisas SesaZlebeli gamocdilebebis kvleva-Zieba samxreT amerikaSi
Ppraqtikuli cdebi
- qvevris Zerwvis xelobis dacvisa da ganviTarebis xelSewyoba gaumjobesebuli samuSao pirobebisa da am xelobis uSualod gamocdili qarTveli meqvevreebisgan SeswavliT dainteresebuli moswavle-axalgazrdebiT uzrunvelyofa
- qarTuli meTodis gamoyeneba TeTri da wiTeli Rvinis damzadeba-warmoebaSi, agreTve qarTuli autoxtonuli yurZnis gamoyenebiT
- qarTuli meTodis gamoyeneba sxva qveynebSi Rvinis dasamzadeblad, gansxvavebul klimatur pirobebSi, magaliTad: sloveniaSi, germaniaSi, italiasa da SveicariaSi
- CileSi qarTuli meTodiT muSaobisas SeZenili gamocdilebebiT axali SesaZleblobebis aRmoCena, umetesad sxva axali yurZnis jiSebis gamoyenebiT